Imibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba inikeza indlela elula yokuthola i-tan esheshayo, elinganayo—kodwa umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo uthi:"Ingabe imibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba iphephile?"
Impendulo ayiyona eyo noma cha elula. Imibhede yendabuko yokushiswa kwesikhumba ihilela izingozi ngenxa yokuchayeka emisebeni ye-UV, kodwaimishini yesimanje, ukusetshenziswa okulawulwayo, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuphathwa kwe-UV (njengalezo ezisetshenziswa kuImibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba yaseMelika) zithuthukise kakhulu ukuphepha.

Lesi sihloko sinikeza umbono ophelele wokuphepha kokushiswa kwesikhumba embhedeni, ukuthi yiziphi izingozi ezingokoqobo, izinganekwane ezivamile, nokuthi imishini ethuthukisiwe yanamuhla yenza kanjani ukushiswa kwesikhumba endlini kuphephe kunanini ngaphambili.

Ingabe Imibhede Yokushiswa Kwesikhumba Iphephile? (Impendulo Emfushane)

Imibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumbakungaphephile uma kusetshenziswa kahle, kodwa zisakhipha imisebe ye-UV engabangela ukulimala kwesikhumba uma isetshenziswa kabi.

Ukuphepha kuncike ku:

• Uhlobo lwesikhumba sakho

• Isikhathi sokuchayeka

• Imvamisa yokusetshenziswa

• Ikhwalithi yombhede kanye nobunjiniyela be-UV

• Ukuvikelwa okufanele

• Ukulandela iziqondiso ezinconywayo

Izinhlelo zesimanje—ikakhulukazi imibhede yekhwalithi ephezulu efanaI-Merican—zenzelwe ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwe-UV okungadingekile nokusiza abasebenzisi ukuthi bashintshe umbala ngokulawula okukhulu.

Ukuqonda Izingozi Zokushiswa Kwelanga Endlini

Njengokukhanya kwelanga kwemvelo, imibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba iveza isikhumba sakhoI-UVAfuthiI-UVBimisebe. Nakuba ukuchayeka okulawulwayo kunganciphisa ingozi yokusha, i-UV isathinta isikhumba.

Nazi izingozi eziyinhloko:

1. Ukuguga Kwesikhumba (Ukuthatha Izithombe)

Ukuvezwa kwe-UV isikhathi eside kuyasheshisa:

• Imibimbi

• Imigqa emincane

• Ukulahlekelwa ukunwebeka

• Izindawo zobudala

Lokhu kubangelwa kakhulu yiI-UVA, okungena ngokujulile esikhumbeni.

2. Ukusha Kwesikhumba

Ukuchayeka ngokweqile noma ukusebenzisa umbhede wokushiswa kwesikhumba isikhathi eside kakhulu kungabangela:

• Ububomvu

• Ukuxebuka

• Ukucasuka

Ukusha kukhombisa ukulimala kwe-DNA futhi kwandisa izingozi zesikhumba zesikhathi eside.

3. Ukushintsha umbala wesikhumba

I-UV ingabangela:

• Ama-Freckle

• Amabala amnyama

• Ithoni yesikhumba engalingani

Abantu abanesikhumba esibucayi noma esikhanyayo bathambekele kakhulu kulokhu.

4. Ukulimala Kwamehlo

Ngaphandle kwezibuko zamehlo ezifanele, ukuchayeka okukhulu kwe-UV kungalimaza:

• I-Cornea

• I-Retina

• Ilensi yeso

Sebenzisa njalo izibuko eziqinisekisiwe.

5. Ukuvezwa kwe-UV okuqongelelekayo

Ukuchayeka kakhulu emisebeni ye-UV—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusemini noma emibhedeni yokushiswa kwesikhumba—kuhlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yezinkinga zesikhumba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngakho-ke... Ingabe Yonke Imibhede Yokushiswa Kwesikhumba Iphephile Ngokulinganayo?

Cha. Imibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba emidala noma eshibhile ivame ukuba:

• Ukuntuleka kokulawulwa kwe-UV

• Unebhalansi ye-UVA/UVB ephansi

• Sebenzisa izibani ezindala

• Khiqiza ukusatshalaliswa kwe-UV okungalingani

Lokhu kwandisa izingozi ezifana nokusha, izindawo ezishisayo ezizulazulayo, kanye nokushiswa kwesikhumba okungaguquki.

Imishini yesimanje, eklanywe ngobuchwepheshe—njengeImibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba yaseMelika—ziphephile kakhulu ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe.

Indlela Imibhede Yesimanje Yokushushumbisa Isikhumba YaseMerican Ethuthukisa Ngayo Ukuphepha

I-Merican ithuthukise ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokushiswa kwesikhumba ngaphakathi obuklanyelwe ukwenza ukushiswa kwesikhumbaephephile, esebenza kahle, futhi evumelana nesikhumba kakhudlwana.

Nansi indlela:

✔ 1. Ukulawula Isilinganiso Esinembile se-UVA/UVB

Imibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba yaseMerican yenza ngcono ukukhanya ukuze abasebenzisi:

• Ukushesha kwe-brown

• Kudinga imizuzu embalwa

• Thola ukusha okuncane

• Nciphisa ukuchayeka kwe-UV okuqongelelekayo

Lokhu kukhiqiza okulinganiselayo kukhuthaza ukujula kwesikhumba ngaphandle kokucindezeleka okuncane.

✔ 2. Izinhlelo Zokucindezela Okuphezulu Ezine-UVB Ephansi

Amamodeli aseMerican anomfutho ophezulu asebenzisa kakhulu i-UVA, eshintsha isikhumba sibe mnyama ngenkathi inciphisa ukusha.

• Imibala emnyama

• Ukubomvu okuncane

• Kuphephile kubasebenzisi abavamile

✔ 3. Izikhathi Zokuphepha Ezihlakaniphile

Izinhlelo zokulawula isikhathi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi:

• Nciphisa ukuvezwa okuphezulu

• Vimbela ukushiswa kwesikhumba ngokweqile

• Siza abasebenzisi abasha ukugwema ukusha

Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa njalo nangokuphephile.

✔ 4. Ukukhishwa Kwesibani Esizinzile

Imibhede eshibhile ilahlekelwa ukuzinza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okwandisa ingozi yokusha.
Ubuchwepheshe baseMerican buqinisekisa:

• Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-UV okulinganayo

• Akukho ukuphakama kwamandla okungalindelekile

• Ukushisa kwesikhumba okuqhubekayo kuzo zonke izindawo zesikhumba

✔ 5. Ukuhlanganiswa Kokwelashwa Kokukhanya Okubomvu Okuzikhethela

Ukukhanya okubomvu kuyasiza:

• Yehlisa ukuvuvukala okuhlobene ne-UV

• Thuthukisa ukululama kwesikhumba

• Khulisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-collagen

• Yenza ukushiswa kwesikhumba kube ntofontofo kakhudlwana

Lolu hlelo oluhlanganisiwe lukhuthaza isikhumba esibukeka sinempilo.

✔ 6. Izinhlelo Zokupholisa Nokududuza Ezithuthukisiwe

Ukugcina isikhumba sipholile ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwesikhumba kusiza ekunciphiseni ukucasuka nokushisa ngokweqile, okwenza inqubo iphephe kakhulu.

Izinganekwane Ezivamile Ngokuphepha Kokushiswa Kwesikhumba Embhedeni

Inganekwane 1: Imibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba ihlala iyingozi kakhulu kunokushiswa yilanga.

Akulona iqiniso.
I-UV yangaphandle iyahlukahluka ngehora, isizini, ukuphakama, kanye nesimo sezulu.
Imibhede yokushunqisa isikhumba, ikakhulukazi leyo elawulwayo njengeMerican, iyanikezaumphumela we-UV ongabikezeleka, okuvame ukuholela ekushiseni okuncane.

Inganekwane 2: Udinga izikhathi ezinde ukuze ushintshe umbala ube nsundu.

Imibhede yesimanje ishintsha umbala ngokushesha.
Amayunithi anomfutho ophezulu adinga kuphelaImizuzu engu-8–12.

Inganekwane 3: Ukushiswa kwesikhumba ngaphakathi akulimazi isikhumba.

Noma yikuphi ukuchayeka kwe-UV kuthinta isikhumba—kodwa umonakalo ungancishiswa ngokulinganisela nokunakekelwa okufanele.

Inganekwane 4: Awudingi izibuko zokuzivikela.

Lokhu kungamanga futhi kuyingozi.
Amehlo angavikelekile asengozini yokulimala unomphela.

Indlela Yokusula Isikhumba Ngokuphepha Embhedeni Wokusula Isikhumba

Landela lezi ziqondiso ukuze uthuthukise ukuphepha:

1. Qala ngezikhathi ezimfushane

Abaqalayo kufanele baqale ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesikhathi esinconywayo sokuvezwa.

2. Izikhathi zokuphuma esikhaleni

Vumela amahora angu-24-48 phakathi kwezikhathi zokushisa ilanga.

3. Sebenzisa ama-lotion afanele

Ama-lotion okuthambisa isikhumba ngaphakathi endlini asiza ukujulisa isikhumba ngokushesha futhi agcine umswakama wesikhumba uqinile.

4. Gqoka izibuko zokuzivikela

Akuxoxiswana ngakho.

5. Yazi uhlobo lwesikhumba sakho

Isikhumba esimhlophe sisha kalula futhi sidinga isikhathi esifushane.

6. Gwema ukushiswa yilanga uma isikhumba sakho sicasukile

Linda kuze kube yilapho ukubomvu noma ukuxebuka kunyamalala ngokuphelele.

Ingabe Imibhede Yokushiswa Kwesikhumba Iphephile Kuwo Wonke Umuntu?

Imibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumbaakunconywangoba:

• Abantu bohlobo lwesikhumba I (abahle kakhulu, abakaze babe nsundu)

• Abantu abanomlando womdlavuza wesikhumba

• Labo abasebenzisa imithi ethinta ukukhanya

• Abantu abakhulelwe ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela

• Labo abashisa kalula kakhulu

Uma ungabaza, thintana nodokotela wesikhumba.

Ingabe Imibhede Yokushisisa Isikhumba Iphephile Uma Usebenzisa Imishini Yesimanje?

Yebo—kuphephile, hhayi okungenazo izingozi.

Ngezinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe ezifanaImibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba yaseMelika, unganciphisa kakhulu izingozi ze-UV ngenxa yalokhu:

• Ukulawulwa okungcono kwe-UV

• Izikhathi ezimfushane zokuchayeka ezidingekayo

• Ukuhlanganiswa kokukhanya okubomvu

• Izibani eziqinile ezinomfutho ophezulu

• Ukuthuthukiswa kwenduduzo yesikhumba

Ukushiswa kwesikhumba ngaphakathi endlini kubakulawulwa, okuhlangenwe nakho okubikezelwayo kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhanya kwelanga kwangaphandle.

Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, ingabe imibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba iphephile?
Bonakungaba njalo, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa imishini yesimanje, ethuthukisiwe kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokulandela imikhuba yokushiswa kwesikhumba ephephile.

Imibhede yendabuko iza nezingozi, kodwaImibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba yesizukulwane esilandelayo saseMericanisipho:

• Ukukhishwa kwe-UV okulawulwayo

• Izilinganiso ze-UVA/UVB ezilinganisiwe

• Izinhlelo eziphephile zokucindezela okuphezulu

• Izibali-sikhathi ezihlakaniphile

• Ukwelashwa kokukhanya okubomvu kwempilo yesikhumba

Uma kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele, ukusebenzisa imibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba kungaba okuphephile kakhulu futhi okuphumelelayo kakhulu kunalokho abantu abaningi abakulindele.