Imibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba ibilokhu iyindlela ethandwayo yokufeza ukukhanya okukhazimulayo elangeni amashumi eminyaka, kodwa isebenza kanjani ngempela? Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola isayensi ngemuva kwemibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba, imiphumela yayo esikhumbeni, kanye nezinye izindlela eziphephile zokubukeka okukhanyayo.
1. Isayensi Engemuva Kwemibhede Yokushiswa Kwesikhumba
Imibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba isebenzisa imisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV) yokwenziwa ukuze ilingise imiphumela yelanga. Nansi indlela ebenza ngayo isikhumba sakho sibe mnyama:
Izingxenye Eziyinhloko:
- Izibani ze-UV: Zikhipha imisebe ye-UVA (95%) kanye ne-UVB (5%), efana nokukhanya kwelanga.
- Ingilazi ye-Acrylic: Ihlunga i-UVB ethile ukuze inciphise ingozi yokusha.
- Isistimu Yesikhathi: Inciphisa ukuchayeka (ngokuvamile imizuzu emi-5-20 ngeseshini ngayinye).
Indlela Okwenzeka Ngayo Ukushiswa Kwesikhumba:
- Ukuvezwa yi-UV → Isikhumba sibona umonakalo.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Melanin → Umzimba ukhipha i-melanin eyengeziwe (i-pigment) ukuze uzivikele.
- Isikhumba Siba Mnyama → Imiphumela ivela phakathi kwamahora kuya ezinsukwini.
Imisebe ye-UVA vs. UVB:
- I-UVA ingena ngokujulile, ibangele ukuguga isikhathi eside (imibimbi, amabala elanga).
- I-UVB ithinta ungqimba lwangaphandle, okwandisa ingozi yokusha kanye nomdlavuza.
2. Izinhlobo Zemibhede Yokushiswa Kwesikhumba
| Uhlobo | Indlela Esebenza Ngayo | Okuhle Kakhulu Kwaba | Isikhathi Seseshini |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukucindezela Okuphansi | Ngokuvamile i-UVA, ithambile kodwa ithambile | Abaqalayo | imizuzu eyi-10–20 |
| Ukucindezela Okuphezulu | I-UVA enamandla, imiphumela esheshayo | Abashuki bezikhumba abanolwazi | imizuzu emi-5–15 |
| Sukuma | Akukho ukuthintana komzimba, ngisho noma unombala onsundu | Ukugwema izimpawu zombhede | imizuzu engu-8–12 |
3. Izingozi Zempilo Zemibhede Yokushiswa Kwesikhumba
Kungani Ochwepheshe Bexwayisa Ngabo:
- Umdlavuza Wesikhumba → Ingozi ye-melanoma ephezulu ngo-75% uma isetshenziswa njalo (I-WHO).
- Ukuguga Ngaphambi Kwesikhathi → I-UVA iphula i-collagen, okubangela imibimbi.
- Ukulimala Kwamehlo → Ukusha kwe-cornea noma ama-cataract ngaphandle kwezibuko.
- Ingozi Yokulutheka → Abanye abasebenzisi bathuthukisa i-tanorexia (i-compulsive tanning).
Kuvinjelwe izingane ezincane emazweni amaningi (isib., e-UK, e-Australia, eBrazil).
4. Ezinye Izindlela Eziphephile Zokusebenzisa Imibhede Yokusula Isikhumba
Uma ufuna umbala okhanyayo ngaphandle komonakalo we-UV, zama:
√ Ama-Lotion Azishintshayo (asekelwe ku-DHA, ahlala cishe isonto eli-1).
√ Ama-Spray Tans (Ukusetshenziswa kochwepheshe, ukukhanya okusheshayo).
√ Izimonyo zeBronzing (Zesikhashana, azinasibopho).
√ Ukwelashwa Ngezibani Ezibomvu (Okungeyona i-UV, kuthuthukisa impilo yesikhumba).
5. Iphuzu Elibalulekile
Imibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba isebenza ngokukhipha imisebe ye-UV ukuze iphoqe ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin, kodwa iza nezingozi ezinkulu njengomdlavuza nokuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukuze uthole ukukhanya okuphephile, khetha ama-tanner angenalanga noma ama-spray tans.
Ubuwazi? Isikhathi esisodwa nje sokushisa isikhumba endlini ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-35 kwandisa ingozi ye-melanoma ngo-59% (I-American Academy of Dermatology).