Enye yezingxenye zomzimba ezingaziwa kakhuluukwelashwa okululaIzifundo ziye zahlola imisipha. Izicubu zemisipha yomuntu zinezinhlelo ezikhethekile kakhulu zokukhiqiza amandla, ezidinga ukukwazi ukunikeza amandla kokubili isikhathi eside sokusetshenziswa okuncane kanye nesikhathi esifushane sokusetshenziswa kakhulu. Ucwaningo kule ndawo luye lwashesha kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngezifundo eziningi ezintsha zekhwalithi ephezulu njalo ngenyanga. Ukukhanya okubomvu kanye ne-infrared kuye kwafundwa kakhulu ngezifo nezimo ezahlukahlukene, kusukela ebuhlungwini bamalunga kuya ekwelapheni amanxeba, mhlawumbe ngoba imiphumela yamaseli kuthiwa isebenza ezingeni lamandla eliyisisekelo. Ngakho-ke uma ukukhanya kungena phansi ezicutshini zemisipha, ingabe kungaba nemiphumela emihle lapho? Kulesi sihloko sizohlola ukuthi ukukhanya kuhlangana kanjani nalezi zinhlelo nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo ezingaletha, uma zikhona.
Ukukhanya kungase kusebenze kahle nemisipha, kodwa kanjani?
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi ukukhanya kungathinta kanjani izicubu zemisipha, sidinga ukuqonda kuqala ukuthi izicubu zemisipha zisebenza kanjani ngempela. Amandla ayadingeka empilweni kuwo wonke amaseli azo zonke izinhlobo esizaziyo njengamanje. Leli qiniso lokuphila libonakala kakhulu ezicutshini zemisipha, ngokombono womshini, kunanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwezicubu. Njengoba imisipha ihilelekile ekunyakazeni, kumele ikhiqize futhi isebenzise amandla, kungenjalo ngeke inyakaze. Noma yini esiza kulokhu kukhiqizwa kwamandla ayisisekelo izoba wusizo.
Indlela yokwelapha ngokukhanya
Ukwelashwa kokukhanya kunendlela eyaziwayo cishe kunoma yiliphi iseli lomzimba ene-mitochondria (i-mitochondria iyi-organelles ephethe ukukhiqizwa kwamandla). Ungabheka i-Cytochrome C Oxidase kanye ne-Nitric Oxide ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngemininingwane lapha, kodwa ngokuyisisekelo umbono uwukuthi kokubili ukukhanya okubomvu nokuseduze kwe-infrared kusiza i-mitochondria yethu ukuqedela inqubo yokuphefumula, okunikeza i-CO2 kanye ne-ATP (amandla) engeziwe. Lokhu ngokwembono kungasebenza cishe kunoma yiliphi iseli lomzimba, ngaphandle kwalawo angenayo i-mitochondria njengamaseli abomvu egazi.
Ukuxhumana kwemisipha namandla
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zamaseli emisipha ukuthi atholakala kakhulu kuma-mitochondria, edinga ukuthi agcwalise izidingo zamandla aphezulu. Lokhu kusebenza emisipheni yamathambo, emisipheni yenhliziyo, kanye nasezicubu zemisipha ezibushelelezi njengoba ungazithola ezithweni zangaphakathi. Ubuningi be-mitochondria ezicutshini zemisipha buyahlukahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo nezingxenye zomzimba, kodwa zonke zidinga izinga eliphezulu lamandla ukuze zisebenze. Ukuba khona okucebile kusikisela ukuthi kungani abacwaningi bezokwelapha ngokukhanya benesithakazelo ekusetshenzisweni kwemisipha eqondisiwe, ngisho nangaphezu kwezinye izicubu.
Amaseli e-muscle stem - ukukhula nokulungiswa kuthuthukiswa ukukhanya?
Amaseli e-Myosatellite, uhlobo lweseli lemisipha elihilelekile ekukhuleni nasekulungiseni, nawo ayinhloso ebalulekile yokwelashwa kokukhanya1,5, mhlawumbe ngisho nomgomo oyinhloko onikeza imiphumela yesikhathi eside. Lawa maseli e-satellite asebenza ngokuphendula ukucindezeleka (njengokunyakaza komshini njengokuzivocavoca noma ukulimala) - inqubo engathuthukiswa ukwelashwa kokukhanya9. Njengamaseli e-stem kunoma iyiphi indawo yomzimba, lawa maseli e-satellite empeleni angama-precursor kumaseli emisipha ajwayelekile. Ngokuvamile akhona esimweni sokuphumula, esingasebenzi, kodwa azophenduka amanye amaseli e-stem noma aphenduke amaseli emisipha asebenza ngokugcwele njengengxenye yenqubo yokuphulukisa, ekuphenduleni ukulimala noma ukulimala kokuzivocavoca. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhomba ekukhiqizweni kwamandla e-mitochondrial ngaphakathi kwamaseli e-stem njengomlawuli oyinhloko wekusasa lawo6, ngokuyisisekelo enquma 'uhlelo' lwawo kanye nesivinini sawo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwawo. Njengoba umbono ngemuva kokwelashwa kokukhanya uwukuthi kungaba ngumgqugquzeli onamandla womsebenzi we-mitochondrial, kukhona indlela ecacile yokuchaza ukuthi ukukhanya kungathuthukisa kanjani ukukhula kwethu kwemisipha nokulungiswa ngamaseli e-stem.
Ukuvuvukala
Ukuvuvukala kuyisici esivamile esihlotshaniswa nokulimala kwemisipha noma ukucindezeleka. Abanye abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukukhanya kungasiza (uma kusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele) ukunciphisa ubukhali bokuvuvukala (ngokwandisa amazinga e-CO2 - abese eqhubeka nokuvimbela ama-cytokines/ama-prostaglandin avuvukalayo), ngaleyo ndlela kuvumele ukulungiswa okuphumelelayo ngaphandle kwezibazi/i-fibrosis.