Enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu ngokwelashwa kokukhanya okubomvu yindawo yamehlo. Abantu bafuna ukusebenzisa izibani ezibomvu esikhumbeni sobuso, kodwa bakhathazekile ngokuthi ukukhanya okubomvu okukhanyayo okubhekise lapho kungase kungabi kuhle emehlweni abo. Ingabe kukhona okufanele sikhathazeke ngakho? Ingabe ukukhanya okubomvu kungalimaza amehlo? noma kungaba usizo olukhulu ngempela futhi kusize ekwelapheni amehlo ethu?
Isingeniso
Amehlo mhlawumbe ayizingxenye zomzimba wethu ezisengozini kakhulu neziyigugu. Ukubona ngamehlo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yesipiliyoni sethu esiqaphelayo, futhi kuyinto ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Amehlo abantu azwela kakhulu ekukhanyeni, akwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemibala efinyelela ezigidini eziyi-10. Angabona nokukhanya phakathi kwamaza obubanzi obungu-400nm no-700nm.
Asinazo izinto zokubona ukukhanya okuseduze kwe-infrared (njengoba kusetshenziswa ekwelashweni kokukhanya kwe-infrared), njengoba nje singaziboni ezinye izindlela zokukhanya ze-EM njenge-UV, ama-Microwave, njll. Muva nje kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi iso lingakwazi ukubona i-photon eyodwa. Njengakwezinye izindawo emzimbeni, amehlo akhiwe ngamaseli, amaseli akhethekile, wonke enza imisebenzi ehlukile. Sinamaseli enduku ukuthola amandla okukhanya, amaseli ekhoni ukuthola umbala, amaseli ahlukahlukene e-epithelial, amaseli akhiqiza amahlaya, amaseli akhiqiza i-collagen, njll. Amanye ala maseli (nezicubu) asengozini kwezinye izinhlobo zokukhanya. Wonke amaseli athola izinzuzo kwezinye izinhlobo zokukhanya. Ucwaningo endaweni luye lwanda kakhulu eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule.
Yimuphi Umbala/Ubude Bokukhanya Obuzuzisayo Emehlweni?
Iningi lezifundo ezikhomba imiphumela emihle zisebenzisa ama-LED njengomthombo wokukhanya kanti iningi lawo lizungeze ubude be-wavelength obungu-670nm (obomvu). Ubude be-wave kanye nohlobo/umthombo wokukhanya akuzona zodwa izinto ezibalulekile, njengoba ukuqina kokukhanya kanye nesikhathi sokuvezwa kuthinta imiphumela.
Ukukhanya okubomvu kuwasiza kanjani amehlo?
Njengoba amehlo ethu eyizicubu eziyinhloko ezizwela ukukhanya emzimbeni wethu, umuntu angacabanga ukuthi ukumuncwa kokukhanya okubomvu yizinhlayiya zethu ezibomvu kuhlobene nemiphumela ebonwe ocwaningweni. Lokhu akunjalo ngokuphelele.
Ithiyori eyinhloko echaza imiphumela yokwelashwa kokukhanya okubomvu nokuseduze kwe-infrared, noma kuphi emzimbeni, ihilela ukusebenzisana phakathi kokukhanya ne-mitochondria. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-mitochondria ukukhiqiza amandla eseli layo -ukwelashwa okulula kuthuthukisa ikhono layo lokwenza amandla.
Amehlo abantu, ikakhulukazi amangqamuzana e-retina, anezidingo eziphezulu kakhulu ze-metabolic kunoma yisiphi izicubu emzimbeni wonke - adinga amandla amaningi. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuhlangabezana nalesi sidingo esikhulu ukuthi amangqamuzana abe nezindawo eziningi ze-mitochondria - ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi amangqamuzana emehlweni anezinga eliphakeme kakhulu le-mitochondria noma kuphi emzimbeni.
Njengoba ukwelashwa okulula kusebenza ngokusebenzisana ne-mitochondria, futhi amehlo anomthombo ocebile kakhulu we-mitochondria emzimbeni, kuwumqondo onengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi ukukhanya kuzoba nemiphumela ejulile emehlweni uma kuqhathaniswa nomzimba wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwamuva lukhombisile ukuthi ukuwohloka kweso kanye ne-retina kuhlobene ngqo nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitochondria. Ngakho-ke ukwelashwa okungase kubuyisele i-mitochondria, eningi yayo, esweni kuyindlela ephelele.
Ububanzi bokukhanya obuhle kakhulu
Ukukhanya okungu-670nm, uhlobo lokukhanya olubonakalayo olubomvu ngokujulile, yilona olufundwa kakhulu kuzo zonke izimo zamehlo. Amanye amaza okukhanya anemiphumela emihle afaka phakathi u-630nm, 780nm, 810nm kanye no-830nm. Ama-Laser vs. ama-LED – inothi Ukukhanya okubomvu okuvela kuma-laser noma ama-LED kungasetshenziswa noma kuphi emzimbeni, yize kukhona okuhlukile okukodwa kuma-laser ngqo – amehlo. Ama-Laser AKAFANELEKILE ekwelapheni ukukhanya kwamehlo.
Lokhu kungenxa yesakhiwo sokukhanya kwe-laser esihambisanayo/esihambisanayo, esingagxiliswa ilensi yeso siye endaweni encane. Lonke usebe lokukhanya kwe-laser lungangena esweni futhi wonke lawo mandla agxiliswe endaweni encane kakhulu ku-retina, okunikeza amandla amakhulu kakhulu, futhi okungenzeka kushise/kulimale ngemva kwemizuzwana embalwa nje. Ukukhanya kwe-LED kuphuma nge-engeli ngakho-ke akunankinga.
Ubuningi bamandla kanye nomthamo
Ukukhanya okubomvu kudlula esweni ngokudluliselwa okungaphezu kuka-95%. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngokukhanya okuseduze kwe-infrared futhi kufana nokunye ukukhanya okubonakalayo njengokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/oluhlaza/ophuzi. Njengoba lokhu kukhanya okubomvu kungene kakhulu, amehlo adinga kuphela indlela yokwelapha efanayo nesikhumba. Izifundo zisebenzisa amandla acishe abe ngu-50mW/cm2, ngamanani aphansi kakhulu angu-10J/cm2 noma ngaphansi. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nomthamo wokwelashwa kokukhanya, bheka lokhu okuthunyelwe.
Ukukhanya okuyingozi emehlweni
Amaza okukhanya aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye ne-UV (200nm-480nm) awalungile emehlweni, kuhlotshaniswa nomonakalo we-retina noma umonakalo ku-cornea, amahlaya, ilensi kanye ne-optical nerve. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuqondile, kodwa nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njengengxenye yezibani ezimhlophe njengezibane ze-LED zasekhaya/zemigwaqo noma izikrini zekhompyutha/zefoni. Izibani ezimhlophe ezikhanyayo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lombala (3000k+), zinephesenti elikhulu lokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi azinampilo emehlweni. Ukukhanya kwelanga, ikakhulukazi ukukhanya kwelanga kwasemini okuboniswa emanzini, nakho kuqukethe iphesenti eliphezulu lokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuholela ekulimaleni kwamehlo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngenhlanhla umkhathi womhlaba uhlunga (uhlakaza) ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngezinga elithile - inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi 'ukusabalala kwe-rayleigh' - kodwa ukukhanya kwelanga kwasemini kusekuningi, njengoba kunjalo nokukhanya kwelanga esikhaleni okubonwa osomkhathi. Amanzi amunca ukukhanya okubomvu kakhulu kunokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngakho ukukhanya kwelanga emachibini/olwandle/njll kumane kungumthombo ogcwele oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Akusikho ukukhanya kwelanga okubonakalayo kuphela okungalimaza, njengoba 'iso labasubathi' kuyinkinga evamile ehlobene nomonakalo wamehlo okukhanya kwe-UV. Abahamba ngezinyawo, abazingeli kanye nabanye abantu bangaphandle bangakuthuthukisa lokhu. Amatilosi endabuko njengezikhulu zasolwandle ezindala kanye namasosha asolwandle cishe njalo angase abe nezinkinga zokubona ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga olwandle, okwenziwa kube kubi kakhulu yizinkinga zokudla okunempilo. Amaza okukhanya akude (nokushisa nje ngokujwayelekile) angaba yingozi emehlweni, njengoba kunjalo nakwamanye amaseli omzimba, umonakalo osebenzayo uyenzeka uma amaseli eshisa kakhulu (46°C+ / 115°F+). Izisebenzi emisebenzini ehlobene nesithando esidala njengokuphathwa kwenjini kanye nokufutha ingilazi zihlala zithuthukisa izinkinga zamehlo (njengoba ukushisa okuvela emlilweni/ezithandweni kukude kakhulu). Ukukhanya kwe-laser kungaba yingozi emehlweni, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla. Into efana ne-laser eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ye-UV ingaba yiyo ebhubhisa kakhulu, kodwa ama-laser aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aphuzi, abomvu kanye naseduze kwe-infrared angase abangele umonakalo.
Izimo zamehlo zisizile
Ukubona okuvamile – ubukhali bokubona, ama-Cataracts, i-Diabetic Retinopathy, i-Macular Degeneration – eyaziwa nangokuthi i-AMD noma i-age-related macular degeration, ama-Refractive Errors, i-Glaucoma, i-Dry Eye, ama-floaters.
Izicelo ezisebenzayo
Ukusebenzisa ukwelashwa kokukhanya emehlweni ngaphambi kokuchayeka elangeni (noma ukuchayeka ekukhanyeni okumhlophe okukhanyayo). Ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke/masonto onke ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwamehlo.