Isikhumba sakhiwe kanjani?
Ukubhekisisa ukwakheka kwesikhumba kuveza izendlalelo ezintathu ezihlukene:
1. i-epidermis,
2. isikhumba kanye
3. ungqimba olungaphansi kwesikhumba.
I-dermis ingaphezu kongqimba olungaphansi kwesikhumba futhi empeleni luhlanganisa imicu enwebekayo, elukwe ngokudayagonali futhi evundlile, ikunika amandla amakhulu. Imithambo yegazi iphelela ku-dermis, kuyilapho izindlala ze-sebaceous kanye nezinwele zezinwele nazo zikhona lapho.
I-basal cell layer iku-epidermis lapho kushintshwa khona i-dermis. Lesi singqimba sihlala sikhiqiza amaseli amasha, abese eya phezulu, acaba, abe corn futhi agcine ehlehlisiwe.
Kuyini i-Tanning?
Iningi lethu lizwa ukushiswa yilanga njengento emnandi kakhulu. Ukufudumala nokuphumula kusinika umuzwa wenhlalakahle. Kodwa empeleni kwenzekani esikhumbeni?
Imisebe yelanga ishaya ama-melanin pigments ku-epidermis. Lokhu kwenziwa mnyama imisebe ye-UVA ekukhanyeni. Ama-melanin pigments akhiwa amangqamuzana akhethekile alele ekujuleni kwesakhiwo sesikhumba esibizwa ngokuthi ama-melanocyte abese ehamba namaseli azungezile aye phezulu. Imibala emnyama imunca ingxenye yemisebe yelanga futhi ngaleyo ndlela ivikele izingqimba ezijulile zesikhumba.
Ibanga le-UVB lemisebe ye-sunJs lingena lijule esikhumbeni futhi lisebenze kuma-melano-cyte ngokwawo. Lezi zibe sezigqugquzelwa ukuba zenze ezinye izibala zemibala: ngaleyo ndlela zidale isisekelo se-tan enhle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imisebe ye-UVB ibangela ungqimba lwezimpondo (i-callus) ukuba lujiye. Lolu ungqimba olujiyile lunomthelela ekuvikeleni isikhumba.
Yimiphi eminye imiphumela elangeni elinayo kunokushukwa?
Umthelela opholile wokushiswa yilanga awuveli nje kuphela ekufudumaleni nasekuphumuleni okutholakalayo kodwa nasemthelela onika amandla wokukhanya okukhanyayo; wonke umuntu uyawazi isimo sengqondo esihle esingalethwa usuku lwasehlobo olunelanga kuphela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithamo emincane ye-UVB ikhuthaza izinqubo ze-meta-bolic futhi ikhuthaze ukwakheka kwe-Vitamin D3.
Ngakho-ke ilanga libangela ingcebo yemiphumela emihle:
1. ukuthuthukiswa kokuqina komzimba
2. ukuqiniswa kokuzivikela komzimba
3. ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo zokugeleza kwegazi
4. ukwenziwa ngcono h ukutholakala komoyampilo ezicutshini zomzimba
5. inzuzo amaminerali umzimba ngokusebenzisa ngcono supply of calcium
6. ukuvimbela isifo samathambo (isb. i-osteoporosis, i-osteomalacia)
Ukushiswa yilanga kuwuphawu olulodwa oluqinisekile lokuthi isikhumba siye sachayeka ngokweqile ngakho kufanele kugwenywe ngazo zonke izindleko.
Kuyini ukukhanya kwelanga?
Ukukhanya - futhi ikakhulukazi ukukhanya kwelanga - kuwumthombo wamandla ngaphandle kwalokho ukuphila kungenakucatshangwa. I-Physics ichaza ukukhanya njengemisebe kagesi - njengamaza omsakazo kodwa kumafrikhwensi ahlukile. Ukukhanya kwelanga kuhlanganisa inqwaba yamafrikhwensi ahlukene esingawabona sisebenzisa iprism, noma imibala yothingo. Kodwa i-spectrum ayigcini ngokubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngemuva kokubomvu kuvela okubomvu kwe-infra-red, esikuzwa njengokufudumala, ngemuva kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka no-violet kuvela i-ultra-violet, ukukhanya kwe-UV, okubangela ukushuka kwesikhumba.
Ukugeza ilanga ngaphandle noma ku-solarium - ingabe ukhona umehluko?
Ukukhanya kwelanga, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuvela esisekelweni sodonga noma esibhakabhakeni, kuyafana ngokuyisisekelo. Ayikho into ebizwa ngokuthi “ukukhanya okwenziwayo” ngomqondo wokuthi ihluke ngokuphelele ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Enye inzuzo enkulu yama-sunbed, nokho, ukuthi izingxenye ngazinye ze-spectrum zingalungiswa ngokunembile ngokwezidingo zomsebenzisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, awekho amafu okuvimba ilanga endaweni yokulala ukuze ikhamera yomthamo ihlale inqunywa ngokunembile. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngaphandle naphezu kombhede welanga, isikhumba asilayishiwe ngokweqile.
Ukushuka ngaphandle kokushiswa - kusebenza kanjani lokho?
Imisebe yelanga, ngaphezu komphumela ofisa ukushukwa, ingabangela nokubomvu okungafuneki kwesikhumba, i-erythema - esikhumbeni sayo.
isimo esibi kakhulu, ukushiswa yilanga. Uma ushiswa ilanga kanye nje, isikhathi esidingekayo sokushukwa side kunesidingekayo ukuze isikhumba sibe bomvu.
Naphezu kwalokhu, kungenzeka futhi ukufeza i-tan enhle, ngaphandle kokuvutha - ngokumane nje ngokushisa ilanga okuvamile. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi umzimba unciphisa izigaba zokuqala zokubomvu kwesikhumba ngokushesha, kuyilapho i-tan ihlale izakhela ngokuchayeka kaningi.
Ku-sunbed amandla okukhanya kwe-UV ayaziwa. Ngakho-ke uhlelo lokushukwa lungalungiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umuntu uyama ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukushiswa bese kuba nokubanda okuhle ngenxa yokuchayeka kaningi.