Isikhumba sakheke kanjani?
Ukubhekisisa ukwakheka kwesikhumba kuveza izendlalelo ezintathu ezihlukile:
1. i-epidermis，
2. i-dermis kanye ne-
3. ungqimba olungaphansi kwesikhumba.
I-dermis ingaphezu kwengqimba engaphansi komhlaba futhi ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe imicu enwebekayo, ehlanganiswe ngokuvundlile nangokuqondile, okwenza ibe namandla amakhulu. Imithambo yegazi iphelela ku-dermis, kuyilapho izithukuthuku nezindlala ze-sebaceous kanye ne-follicle yezinwele nazo zitholakala lapho.
Ingqimba yeseli eyisisekelo itholakala ku-epidermis lapho ishintsha phakathi kwayo ne-dermis. Le ngqimba ikhiqiza njalo amaseli amasha, abese ehamba phezulu, abe yizicaba, abe yizicucu futhi ekugcineni asuswe.
Kuyini ukushiswa kwesikhumba?
Iningi lethu libona ukuthamela ilanga njengento emnandi kakhulu. Ukufudumala nokuphumula kusinika umuzwa wenhlalakahle. Kodwa kwenzekani ngempela esikhumbeni?
Imisebe yelanga ishaya imibala ye-melanin ku-epidermis. Lokhu kufiphazwa yimisebe ye-UVA ekukhanyeni. Imibala ye-melanin yakhiwa amaseli akhethekile alele ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sesikhumba abizwa ngokuthi ama-melanocytes bese ehamba namaseli azungezile aye phezulu. Imibala emnyama imunca ingxenye yemisebe yelanga ngaleyo ndlela ivikele izingqimba zesikhumba ezijulile.
Ububanzi be-UVB bemisebe yelanga bungena bujule esikhumbeni futhi busebenze kuma-melano-cyte uqobo. Lawa abe esekhuthazwa ukuba akhe imibala eminingi: ngaleyo ndlela adala isisekelo se-tan enhle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imisebe ye-UVB ibangela ukuthi ungqimba olunezimpondo (i-callus) luqine. Lolu ngqimba olujiyile lusiza ekuvikeleni isikhumba.
Yimiphi eminye imiphumela ilanga elinayo ngaphandle kokushiswa yilanga?
Umphumela oduduzayo wokuthamela ilanga awuveli nje kuphela ekufudumaleni nasekuphumuleni okukhona kodwa futhi nasemphumeleni onika amandla wokukhanya okukhanyayo; wonke umuntu uyazi isimo sengqondo esihle esingalethwa usuku lwehlobo olunelanga kuphela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithamo emincane ye-UVB ikhuthaza izinqubo ze-metabolic futhi ikhuthaze ukwakheka kweVithamini D3.
Ngakho-ke ilanga liveza imiphumela emihle eminingi:
1. ukukhushulwa kwamandla omzimba
2. ukuqinisa izivikelo zomzimba
3. ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo zokugeleza kwegazi
4. ukuthuthukiswa kokunikezwa komoya-mpilo ezicutshini zomzimba
5. ukucutshungulwa kwamaminerali okuzuzisayo ngokuthuthukiswa kokuhlinzekwa kwe-calcium
6. ukuvimbela isifo samathambo (isib. i-osteoporosis, i-osteomalacia)
Ukushiswa yilanga kuyisibonakaliso esiqinisekile sokuthi isikhumba sichayeke kakhulu ngakho-ke kufanele kugwenywe ngazo zonke izindlela.
Kuyini ukukhanya kwelanga?
Ukukhanya - ikakhulukazi ukukhanya kwelanga - kuwumthombo wamandla lapho ukuphila kungenakucatshangwa ngaphandle kwawo. I-physics ichaza ukukhanya njengemisebe kagesi - njengamaza omsakazo kodwa ngemvamisa ehlukile. Ukukhanya kwelanga kuqukethe imvamisa eminingi ehlukene esingayibona sisebenzisa i-prism, imibala yothingo. Kodwa i-spectrum ayipheli kubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngemuva kokubomvu kuza i-infra-red, esiyithola njengokufudumala, ngemuva kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuza i-ultra-violet, ukukhanya kwe-UV, okubangela ukushiswa kwesikhumba.
Ukushawa yilanga ngaphandle noma ku-solarium - ingabe kukhona umehluko?
Ukukhanya kwelanga, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuvela esokhethini lodonga noma esibhakabhakeni, kuyafana ngokuyisisekelo. Ayikho into ebizwa ngokuthi “ukukhanya okwenziwayo” ngomqondo wokuthi kuhlukile kakhulu elangeni. Inzuzo enkulu yama-sunbed, nokho, ukuthi izingxenye ngazinye ze-spectrum zingalungiswa ngokunembile ngokwezidingo zomsebenzisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, awekho amafu okuvimba ilanga e-sunbed ngakho-ke umthamo we-cam uhlala unqunywa ngokunembile. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kokubili ngaphandle nakuma-sunbed ukuthi isikhumba asigcwele ngokweqile.
Ukushiswa kwesikhumba ngaphandle kokushiswa - kusebenza kanjani lokho?
Imisebe yelanga, ngaphezu komphumela wokushiswa kwesikhumba ofiselekayo, ingabangela nokubomvu kwesikhumba okungafuneki, i-erythema - kuyo
isimo esibi kakhulu, ukushiswa yilanga. Uma uthamela ilanga kanye kuphela, isikhathi esidingekayo sokushiswa kwesikhumba empeleni side kunesidingekayo ukuze isikhumba sibe bomvu.
Naphezu kwalokhu, kungenzeka futhi ukuthola umbala omuhle wesikhumba, ngaphandle kokusha - kalula nje ngokugeza njalo elangeni. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi umzimba unciphisa izigaba zokuqala zokuba bomvu kwesikhumba ngokushesha, kuyilapho umbala wesikhumba uhlala ukhula ngokuchayeka njalo.
Elangeni, ukuqina okuqondile kokukhanya kwe-UV kuyaziwa. Ngenxa yalokho, uhlelo lokushiswa kwesikhumba lungalungiswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu uyayeka ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukusha bese kuba khona ukushiswa kwesikhumba okuhle ngokuvezwa njalo.